On the Origin of Brucellosis in Bison of Yellowstone National Park: A Review
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چکیده
Brucellosis caused by Brucella abortus occurs in the free-ranging bison (Bison bison) of Yellowstone and Wood Buffalo National Parks and in elk (Cervus elaphus) of the Greater Yellowstone Area. As a result of nationwide bovine brucellosis eradication programs, states and provinces proximate to the national parks are considered free of bovine brucellosis. Thus, increased attention has been focused on the wildlife within these areas as potential resmoirs for transmission to cattle. Because the national parks are mandated as natural areas, the question has been raised as to whether Brucella abortus is endogenous or exogenous to bison, particularly for Yellowstone National Park. We synthesized diverse lines of inquiry, including the evolutionary history of both bison and Brucella, wild animals as Brucella hosts, biochemical and genetic information, behavioral characteristics of host and organism, and area history to develop an evaluution of the question for the National Park Service. All lines of inquiry indicated that the organism was introduced to North America with cattle, and that the introduction into the Yellowstone bison probably was directly from cattle shortly before 1917. Fistulous withers of horses was a less likely possibility. Elk on winter feedgrounds south of Yellowstone National Park apparently acquired the disease directly from cattle. Bison presently using Grand Teton National Park probably acquired brucellosis from feedground elk. Paper submitted September 1, 1993; revised manuscript accepted April 5, 1994. Sobre el origen de la brucelosis en el bisonte del Parque Nacional Yellowstone: Una revision Resumen: La brucelosis causada por Brucella abortus afecta a1 bisonte (Bison bison) de 10s Parques Nacionales Yellowstone y "Wood Buffalo" y a1 alce (Cervus elaphus) de la Gran Area del Yellowstone. Como resultado deprogramas de madicacion de la brucelosis a lo largo de toda la Nacion, 10s estados y provincias proximos a 10s parques nacionales son considerados como libres de brucelosis bovina Como concecuencia de esto, se ha prestado mds atencion a la vida silvestre dentro de estas areas comoposibles reseworiospara la transmision de brucelosis a1 ganado. Dado que 10s parques nacionales son asignadospor mandatos como areas naturales, ha surgido el interes en deternzinar si Brucella abortus es endogena o exogena a1 bisonte, en particular en lo que respecta a1 Parque Nacional Yellowstone. Nosotros sintetizamos varias lineas de investigacion, que incluyen la historia evolutiva tanto del bisonte como de Brucella, el estudio de animales salvajes como portadores de Brucella, la infomacion bioquimica y genetic& las caracteristicas de comportamiento delportador y del organismo, y la historia del area a 10s efectos de desarrollar una evaluacion delproblema para el Smicio de Parques Nacionales. Todas las lineas de investigacion indicaron que el organismo fue introducido en Ambica del Norte con el ganado, y que la transmision a1 bisonte americano ocurrio directamente a partir del ganado poco despues de 1917. La transmision a partir de cruzerasfistulosas de caballos fue unaposibilidad menosprobable. Los alces que habitan las areas de pastoreo invernales a1 sur del Parque Nacional Yellowstone aparentemente adquirieron la enfernzedad directamente del ganado. Los bisontes que usan en la actualidad el Parque Nacional 'Grand Teton"probab1emente adquirireron la brucelosis a partir de alces de las areas de pastoreo. Conservation Biology, Pages 6 4 5 6 5 3 Volume 8, No. 3, September 1994 646 Origin of Brucellosis in Bison
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تاریخ انتشار 2007